非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。动词不定式可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语;动名词可在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语;分词可在句中作表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语,现将它们在用法上的区别总结如下:
1、动词不定式和动名词作主语比较
动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性动作,不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作,特别是将来的动作。例如:
_______ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.(MET 1992)
A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk(Key:B)
2、动词不定式、动名词、分词作表语比较
(1)不定式和动名词作表语的区别同作主语一样。
His job is building houses.
Our task now is to increase food production.
(2)动词不定式和动名词作表语说明主语的内容,现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特征,过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_______ it more difficult.(NMET 1999)
A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make (Key:B)
3、动词不定式和动名词作宾语比较
(1)有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,如:want,wish,hope,manage,de- mand,promise,refuse,pretend,plan, offer,decide,agree,expect等。
We agreed _______ here,but so far she hasn't turned up yet.(NMET 1995)
A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met (Key:C)
(2)有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语,如:admit,appreciate,avoid,con- sider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape, excuse,finish,forgive,imagine, keep,mind,miss,practise,resist, risk,suggest,deny等。
The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed_______ .(MET 1987)
A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch (Key:C)
(3)有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词,意义上无多大区别,如:love, like,hate,prefer,intend,start, continue等。
I intend to finish/finish- ing the task this morning.
(4)有些动词后既可以跟不定式,又可以跟动名词,但意义上有区别,如:forget,remember, mean,regret,stop,try等。
—The light in the office is still on.
—Oh,I forgot _______ .(MET 1991)
A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off(Key:C)